![]() The patient is administered heparin to prevent clotting, and protamine sulfate is given after to reverse the effects of heparin. The cannula used to return oxygenated blood is usually inserted in the ascending aorta, but it may be inserted in the femoral artery, axillary artery, or brachiocephalic artery (among others). Venous blood is removed from the body by the cannula and then filtered, cooled or warmed, and oxygenated before it is returned to the body by a mechanical pump. The surgeon places a cannula in the right atrium, vena cava, or femoral vein to withdraw blood from the body. It uses a heart-lung machine to maintain perfusion to other body organs and tissues while the surgeon works in a bloodless surgical field. ![]() Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is generally used for longer-term treatment.ĬPB mechanically circulates and oxygenates blood for the body while bypassing the heart and lungs. CPB is a form of extracorporeal circulation. ![]() Cardiopulmonary bypass pumps are operated by perfusionists. ![]() The CPB pump itself is often referred to as a heart-lung machine or "the pump". Cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) is a technique in which a machine temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and oxygen to the body. ![]()
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